Continuous Variable: can take on any value between two specified values. Obtained by measuring. Covariance: a measure of the direction of the linear relationship between two variables. Discrete ...

For any chance variable x = (x1,⋯,xN) having known distribution, the translation parameter estimation problem is to estimate an unknown constant h, having observed y = (x1 + h,⋯,xN + h). Extending the ...

This is the ninth in a series of lecture notes which, if tied together into a textbook, might be entitled “Practical Regression.” The purpose of the notes is to supplement the theoretical content of ...

A random variable that can take only a certain specified set of individual possible values-for example, the positive integers 1, 2, 3, . . . For example, stock prices are discrete random variables, ...

Analog circuit design is increasingly encountering mixed-signal circuits, and analog engineers need some understanding of discrete-time sampling circuits, whether they are sample-and-hold circuits or ...

The benchmark tests show that the noise-free realization of QA can significantly outperform state-of-the-art classical algorithms. Quantum annealing (QA) is a cutting-edge algorithm that leverages the ...