A recent study has mathematically clarified how the presence of crystals and gas bubbles in magma affects the propagation of seismic P-waves. The researchers derived a new equation that ...

On March 28, 2025, a major earthquake with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.7 struck Mandalay, central Myanmar (referred to as ...

Specifically, PKP waves are P-waves that have traveled through the Earth's mantle and core, and arrive at the surface at a variety of speeds depending on how far they traveled through these layers.

Researchers have mathematically elucidated how the presence of crystals and gas bubbles in magma affects the propagation of seismic P-waves. A novel equation was derived to describe the travel of ...

S waves are more dangerous than P waves because they have greater amplitude and produce vertical and horizontal motion of the ground surface. The slowest waves, surface waves, arrive last. They travel ...

There are three types of seismic waves – P waves, S waves and surface waves. P waves are longitudinal waves, and their relative speed is faster than other waves.

Traveling Seismic Waves. An animation from the USGS shows a 7.8 magnitude earthquake on the San Andreas Fault in southern California. 3play_processed Raw Source Video Science. Raw Source Video.

Moreover, there is little high-resolution observation on how tidal forces affect the changes in seismic wave speed within the fault zone over time.

Tsukuba, Japan—A recent study has mathematically clarified how the presence of crystals and gas bubbles in magma affects the propagation of seismic P-waves. The researchers derived a new ...