Many-valued logic generalises classical binary logic by permitting a spectrum of truth values rather than a strict dichotomy. This extended framework enables a more nuanced treatment of uncertainty, ...

Presents propositional logic, combinatorics, methods of proof, mathematical systems, algebra of sets, matrix algebra, relations and functions, recursion and generating functions, applications to ...

The interplay between algebraic structures and fuzzy logic has fostered significant advancements in both theoretical research and practical applications. Algebraic structures provide a rigorous ...