If there is only one unmeasured confounding variable on the graph, then nonincreasing or nondecreasing average causal effects suffice to draw conclusions about the direction of the bias.

Recently, a research team from Dankook University in South Korea proposed a new method that utilizes principles of quantum mechanics to solve causal inference problems. This breakthrough provides a ...

Unmeasured confounding variables are a common problem in drawing causal inferences in observational studies. A theorem is given which in certain circumstances allows the researcher to draw conclusions ...

Using observed imbalances between study groups (e.g., exposed and unexposed) to determine variables for confounding adjustment in nonrandomized studies may misguide the selection of variables to ...

The association between ADHD symptoms and overweight/obesity is due to confounding by family background variables in all but adolescent girls.