One thing this constant uproar proved was that physical science is still lusty, ready to discard old theories if they get in the way of others newer and more useful.

Einstein first said there was a constant energy field when he created his first cosmological model derived from General Relativity in 1917, but his solution was neither expanding nor contracting.

,As I finished my Ph.D. in 1992, the universe was full of mystery—we didn't even know exactly what it is made of. One could argue that cosmologists had made little progress in our understanding ...