A pathogen for bird pink eye remains viable on bird feeders in winter conditions much longer than in summer conditions ...

Meanwhile, decomposers like fungi help recycle nutrients, feeding back into the system and sustaining the entire ecosystem. Abiotic factors are the nonliving, physical and chemical factors that ...

Ecosystem ecology is the combined study of the physical and biological components of ecosystems. It focuses on how matter and energy flow through both organisms and the abiotic components of the ...

Afromontane forests are important carbon stores, harbour high diversity and provide critical ecosystem services, yet they are vulnerable to climate change. Here, we investigate the importance of key ...

One station was selected at the inner part of the Valdivia River estuary ... were mainly correlated to nutrient concentrations and to other abiotic factors, such as salinity, in the estuarine ...