Polyurethane, discovered by chemist Otto Bayer in the 1930s, has transformed from a scientific breakthrough to a ubiquitous material in modern life. Polyurethane is made through the polymerization reaction of isocyanates and polyols, and its versatility quickly became evident during World War II when it was used for insulating aircraft fuel lines to prevent the fuel inside from freezing. In the 1950s, polyurethane foams emerged, revolutionizing comfort in furniture and bedding. Today, polyuretha