Since 1991, Ethiopia has been a landlocked state due to Eritrea’s independence. This geographical limitation has presented significant challenges to Ethiopia’s international trade and economic growth, as access to the sea is crucial for any country’s development. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) recognises the rights of landlocked states to access the sea under fair and equitable conditions. And Ethiopia may take the case to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) or